Report on Interpersonal and E-Communication

Question: The report evaluates the communication strategies adopted by Apple. Both Electronic communication Apple operates in various countries and is headquartered in California, US. Answer: Introduction The following report evaluates the communication strategies adopted by Apple. Both Electronic communication Apple operates in various countries and is headquartered in California, US. The brand specializes in the design of software and electronic devices. It has been one of the key innovators in developing interpersonal communication methods. The non-electronic methods of communication includes letter, memorandum as well as face- face communication. These three methods were the most traditional forms of communication and continue to occupy an important position in the business world. On the other hand, e-communication relates to using various online social media tools to communicate with friends and family. According to Densmore (2015), this form of communication is cheap and is fast. These assist users to communicate in an effective manner in addition to maintaining of their privacy. Apple has been using various forms of e-communication to connect with internal as well as external p arties related to the business. Background Guffey and Loewy (2012) mentioned that effective communication helps in the exchange of ideas and thoughts between two or more ideas. This is very important in the context of a business organization. This effectively assists the management of the organization to ensure flow of communication to the lower ranked business organization. Communication can be classified into electronic communication and non-electronic forms of communication. Bell and Muir (2014) mentioned that business enterprises operating in the electronic segment like Apple, Samsung and HTC have preferred the e-communication platform to the traditional mode of communication. This is mainly due to the easy accessibility as well as effective usage of these channels. These channels offer the brand to stay in touch with its customers at all times, thereby, assisting the brand to developing consumer loyalty over a period. However, non-electronic form of communications is more authentic and develops a positive consumer percep tion on the parties. Section 1 Key non-communication methods For Apple, the key non-communication methods for communication include business letters, reports and memorandum. Jensen (2016) stated that it is mainly used for formal methods of communication and therefore assists the business organization its documentation process. Apple has been using the key non-communication procedures apart from the e-communication techniques of transfer of information to facilitate flow of communication Muir (2014) have stated that In frequent intervals official letter are dispatched to the stakeholders of the company to report existing financial and operational condition about the business organization. In addition, reports are also prepared to inform staff members about the existing financial policies about the brand, Zhang (2015) have stated that Apple has been using non- electronics forms of communication since it is a comparatively a simple procedure to manage. Besides this, it saves the use of electricity, which is a key component for the brand in its production. This is a more official form of communication, and is used for the purpose of documentation. Section 2 In the regard of online communication, Apple has been using a combination of websites as well as social media portals. Besides this communicating through the help of digital devices is also an effective mode for communication for Apple. Sending and receiving messages through gadgets has been one of the important methods of communication for Apple. In the print form sending faxes has been a significant step for Apple for communicating within the organization. However Kirakosyan and Dnia (2014) noted that Apple mainly emphasizes on the internet to fulfilling its communication needs in the organization. The brand mainly communicates through email to carry out its daily operational functionalities for the brand. Therefore, Apple is heavily dependent upon online communication to stay in touch with Investors, Shareholders and consumers. Ribbers and Waringa (2015) mentioned that the brand has been creating pages on the social media websites to gather immediate feedback from the consumers. It has also been providing updated information about the necessary product and service offerings currently being offered to consumers. Belkin and Kurtzberg (2013) mentioned that the social media pages have been an effective medium for Apple to develop informal relationships with consumers. For Apple it has been an effective medium for communication to assist the business enterprise in its growth . Section 3 SWOT Analysis The following is the SWOT Analysis for Apple s method as well as practices . Strength 1. Operational structure - Apple has a strong operational structure that shall assist the brand to communicate effectively with external and internal parties of the organization. This includes the usage of different electronic and non electronic methods for communication with different parties of the organization. Jackson (2012) mentioned that the organization has developed a customized portal for itself to communicate with other interested parties in the organization. Therefore, the brand has developed an effective mechanism for itself in the domestic as well as the international market to cater to the needs of the organization as per the market situation in the domestic as well as the international market. 2. Technology Densmore and Himes (2015) have stated that Apple has implemented advance technology mechanisms to communicate effectively with the interested parties in the business organization. This has ensured a clear flow of communication from the top management to the lower-ranked employees in the organization. The brand has been able to re-innovate its existing s state of technology by investing substantially in the research and development to complement its communication initiatives. Belkin et al. (2013) mentioned that Apple has implemented superior technology in its product offerings to provide superior customer services to the buyers. 3. Goodwill and reputation- Apple has considerable goodwill and reputation in the market. Therefore, any form of communication made by the brand shall have importance. In this regard, Guffey and Loewy (2012) noted that it could be said that Apple has been innovative about the selection of communication platforms in the organization. As such, it can be said that Apple has s been using a combination of electronic and non-electronic methods to successfully execute business communication initiatives. Weaknesses Overdependence on e-communication In the recent years, Apple has been showing overdependence on e-communication platforms on a daily basis. Therefore, the brand has been slowly losing its effectivity in communicating using other electronic forms of communication. In addition, this has increased the operational expenditures of the business enterprise, thereby, hampering the business growth and sustainability of Apple in the long run. Coordination issues- Apple has been facing coordination issues in structuring all its communication policies in a definite path. As such, there remains a doubt about the constructiveness about its communication pursuits. Monzani (2014) have mentioned that lack of proper communication has been affecting Apples communication towards parties present within and external to the environment . The coordination issues has been affecting the brand for a considerable period of time, thereby affecting the business sustainability of the business enterprise in the long run. Opportunities Apple has explored newer business areas in the recent times. Therefore, there remains an opportunity to enhance its communication levels to attract potential consumers towards the brand. In this regard, Iranmanesh and Najafabadi (2013) noted that Apple could use multiple channels of communication to touch a larger section of the society. The brand has implemented efficient communication structures in its organization to assist the organization in its growth. Therefore, such communication channels should be enhanced to improve the levels of communication in a business organization. According to Omenugha (2015), the brand has already diverged into different countries offering a wide range of products and services to the customers. A large part of this can be attributed to the effective communications channels implemented by the business enterprise. Thus, the Apple has to retain its communication platforms and modify it with the existing times to make it more efficient. Threats The emergence of substitute brands is a growing threat to the business sustainability of Apple. Monzani et al. (2014) have stated that the communication channels used by these brands have been more potent than Apple, thereby, attracting greater consumer attention. Besides this, the visibility of these entities has increased due to enhanced use of communication to the stakeholders of the company. Therefore, these threats shall be a major risk to the business sustainability of the brand in the present economic condition of the country. Therefore, Apple has to consider these factors in framing the operational as well as the marketing policies of a business enterprise. Section 4 According to Guffey and Loewy (2012), Samsung and HTC have been the two main competitors of Apple in the global market. They have widely used various online portals in communicating with their stakeholders. Thus, it can be said that the internet have been an essential source of communication to the external parties of the business organization. Densmore and Himes (2015) mentioned that in communicating internally within the organization, Samsung and HTC have developed essential communication channels to ensure proper flow of communication from the management of the organization. Therefore, in contrast to Apple these organizations have been making extensive use of the internet to communicate with the consumers, investors and other concerned parties to enhance interpersonal communication. These attributes form the primary components of the communication strategies used by these companies. Ribbers and Waringa (2015) noted that in the case of Apple, there has been certain dependence on the print media to communicate with investors, stakeholders and other groups. The annual statement of Apple is printed in the annual statements of prominent newspapers and other business magazines. According to Belkin and Kurtzberg (2013), the public is invited to purchase shares and debentures of the company and make required investment decisions. Besides this, prominent product launches are advertised to the public to create awareness about the product offerings in the minds of the common public. However, Apple is similar to its competitors in the case of the usage of the online portals that has influenced the organization to communicate frequently with concerned parties in the case of business necessities . Section 5 Recommendations The following recommendations can assist Apple to improve its communication practices 1. Use of the traditional forms of communication- Apple can use the traditional channel of communication like faxes, letter and the newspaper to reduce operational expenses for the firm. In this regard, it can be said that the traditional form of communication can be executed with minimum amount of time and effort. Also, this would be a more conventional method of a communications to create a positive perception on the share holders of the company. These methods shall be able to deal with communication issues that have been hampering the growth of the Apple in the present market conditions. The traditional forms of communication have been tested and are found effective enough to carry information with certain accuracy. 2. Establish more communication platforms - Apple can widen its range of communication channels to facilitate faster exchange of data and information. This shall bring in more coordination among different departments, thereby, assisting the organization in its growth. Consolidating the existing communication channels is also a requirement that should be emphasized to ensure smoother flow of communication in the organization. Therefore, regular upgradation of the communication channels is also a j necessity that should be adequately examined to retain the current communication levels in the organization. 3. Analyze market requirements- The market requirements of a business entity has to be analyzed , to make appropriate changes to the communication strategies adopted by the brand. Thus, in this context it can be stated that emphasis should be placed on the distribution system of the channel to evaluate the requirements of the sales channel. The Apple have a wide range of product offerings that would require immense communication levels to facilitate the growth of the organization in every country . Develop partnerships - An establishment of partnerships shall enable an organization to facilitate the organization to develop strong communication channels. Pertinent business partnerships would enable to assist the organization in achieving further growth. Apple would be able to gain substantially and touch consumers from background, nationality and culture. Samsung and HTC have developed other business partnerships to restructure the communication levels in the business organization to assist to enhance their business network in the global market. Customized online portal Apple can establish a customized online portal to connect with the customers. As such, the brand would be able to develop informal relationship with customers. In this regard, it can be stated that Apple shall be able to gather consumer feedback and develop product constituents accordingly. A customized online portal shall enable an organization to connect with stakeholders and understand their issues and concerns. Conclusion It can be said that the Apple has implemented a substantial communication channel that has been useful for the brand in controlling its operations in various countries. However, there are certain obstacles that the brand has been facing that are having a harmful influence on the business enterprise. In this regard, it can be said that the overdependence on the e-commerce channels has been a pertinent issue in its communication channels in the organization. This has increased the operational expenses for the brand. Besides this, it has restricted the reach to a specified consumer segment, thereby, influencing the market share of the brand. In this regard, it can be said that Apple can adopt the conventional modes of communication to reduce the expenses and can contact a large number of consumers in the country. Apple can also look to develop more communication channels and establish business partnerships with other business entities. A customized online portal can also be developed to cater to the needs of the consumer as well as develop other business areas for Apple. References Belkin, L.Y. and Kurtzberg, T., 2013. Affective displays in e-mail communication: The evidence from the lab and the field. Research on emotions in organizations, 9, pp.279-308. Belkin, L.Y., Kurtzberg, T.R. and Naquin, C.E., 2013. Signaling dominance in online negotiations: The role of affective tone. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 6(4), pp.285-304. Bell, R.L. and Muir, C., 2014. A review of business communication under the leadership function. Business Studies Journal, 6, pp.99-121. Carroll, C.E., 2015. The handbook of communication and corporate reputation (Vol. 49). John Wiley Sons. Densmore, M.L. and Himes Jr, S.H., 2015. A Synthesizing Conceptualization of Communication in a Marketing/Physical Distribution Setting. In Marketing Horizons: A 1980's Perspective (pp. 179-183). Springer International Publishing. Guffey, M.E. and Loewy, D., 2012. Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Guffey, M.E. and Loewy, D., 2012. Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Iranmanesh, A. and Najafabadi, E.H., 2013. The Impact of Customers Attitude on Buying Behaviour. Management and Administrative Sciences Review, 2(4), pp.360-370. Jackson, J. ed., 2012. The Routledge handbook of language and intercultural communication. Routledge. Jensen, M., 2016. Touchpoint Management and Interpersonal Communication. Studies in Media and Communication, 4(1), pp.30-48. Kirakosyan, K. and Dnia, D., 2014. Communication management in electronic banking. Better communication for better relationship. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 124, pp.361-370. Monzani, L., Ripoll, P., Peir, J.M. and Van Dick, R., 2014. Loafing in the digital age: The role of computer mediated communication in the relation between perceived loafing and group affective outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, pp.279-285. Muir, C., 2014. A Review of Business Communication Under the Leadership Function. Omenugha, N.O., 2015. Interpersonal Communication as an Alternative Marketing Tool: A Study of Consumers Response to Face-to-Face Marketing Activities of Telecommunication Firms in South-Eastern Nigeria. Available at SSRN 2755308. Ribbers, A. and Waringa, A., 2015. E-Coaching. Taylor Francis. Zhang, Y., 2015. An Empirical Investigation of the Role of E-Communication in International Collaborations. Handbook of Research on Global Supply Chain Management, p.85.

Speech To Focus On Plans To Help Essay Example For Students

Speech To Focus On Plans To Help Essay children, poor January 19, 1999BY JUDITH HAVEMANN AND WALTER PINCUS WASHINGTON POST WASHINGTONPresident Clinton will propose in his State of the Union address tonight a $1billion expansion of the federal governments efforts to help the nations most disadvantagedfamilies move from welfare to work, White House officials said Monday. The officials said the initiative will help about 200,000 welfare families get jobs. Despite the enormous progress we have made in the last few years in moving people from welfareto work, we need to make an extra effort for the people still on the rolls because they will be thehardest to place, said presidential adviser Bruce Reed. We will write a custom essay on Speech To Focus On Plans To Help specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The initiative is aimed at increasing employment of low-income, absent fathers of children onwelfare, so they can pay child support and get involved in their childrens lives. Many of thesefathers have prison records, and only 30 percent have held a job in the past year, according to arecent study. Only about 10 percent to 15 percent of children on public assistance receive any formalchild support from their absent parent. Clinton also plans to propose a tax credit of up to $500 per child, age 1 or younger, to offset costsfor parents who choose to stay home to care for their kids. The proposal is part of a larger child carepackage that seeks $18 billion over five years to aid working poor and middle-class families. The administration also will propose $1 billion over five years to improve health care for many ofthe nations 32 million uninsured adults. The money would be used to encourage community clinicsand hospitals to work together to keep track of patients and make sure they get needed treatment. Scheduled for delivery in the House chamber at 8 p.m. Chicago time, shortly after his lawyers wrapup their first day of arguments in the Senate impeachment trial, Clintons speech will not include asingle mention of the word impeachment, aides said. The president insisted on going ahead with hisspeech, despite its awkward timing, to demonstrate that he is conducting business as usual even asthe Senate considers whether to remove him from office. Among other domestic and foreign policy proposals previewed Monday by White House officialswere:* An initiative to bring greater accountability to state and local school systems. Clinton will offer afive-point plan to hold schools accountable for the $20 billion in federal educational spending theyreceive. The plan would reward districts that make sure teachers are qualified in the subjects they areassigned to teach, enforce classroom discipline, intervene to help low-performing schools, endsocial promotion of students who have not mastered the material taught during the year and issuereport cards to parents on issues such as class size, teacher qualifications and student scores. * A near doublingto $4.2 billionover the next five years of the U.S. program helping todismantle Russias aging nuclear and biological weapons, protect facilities holding nuclear materialsand create nonmilitary research projects for Moscows former weapons builders.

Get The Best From Your Sample Essay Prompts

Get The Best From Your Sample Essay PromptsMany college students end up getting involved in writing articles, papers and even a dissertation due to act sample essay prompts. Though this is a great method of writing an academic paper, you must always bear in mind that it is not just a one-time job and it will never get the desired result at all. The act sample essay prompts can never replace your solid writing skills or expertise. Even after many years of writing the same paper the act sample essay prompts still remain the best and the most useful aid in writing academic papers.The act sample essay prompts have been created in order to supply you with fresh and creative writing material that can be used in your writing projects. The act sample essay prompts are mostly designed based on the topic related to the term paper. This can ensure that you can use the same material to the fullest potential.Even if you've finished writing your paper, you can easily re-use the same material as ac t sample essay prompts. This way you will be able to spend more time focusing on the finer points of your paper rather than struggling with what to say next. With the act sample essay prompts, you do not only get fresh ideas but also great flexibility to re-write or modify the paper with new ideas.The act sample essay prompts are very easy to write and are even available online. You can even submit your work and get the feedback from other writers. If you are just looking for a good and authentic way to give the paper a fresh look, then act sample essay prompts will surely suit your need perfectly. Since these are free to use, they will not cost you a penny to use them.In order to find out which act sample essay prompts are the best for you, you should know the purpose behind their creation. By studying the purpose behind the act sample essay prompts, you will know which one is more suitable for you. There are some prompts which are written to test your creativity and which are crea ted to boost your creativity as well.There are some great ways to improve your skills as a writer. These act sample essay prompts are surely one of the most effective ways to do so.Use act sample essay prompts to write and improve your skills. They are definitely the best and the most efficient method to help you develop your writing skills.

Nolan Ryan essays

Nolan Ryan essays Lynn Nolan Ryan Jr., more commonly known as Nolan Ryan, developed the position of pitcher in baseball more than anyone else in the history of Americas favorite past time. With his flaming fastballs and his deadly curve ball, he was able to mesmerize batters like no other. Nolan also defied the age barrier by playing 27 years in the MLB. Beyond his amazing baseball skill, he was an incredible role model to anyone that met him. He handled himself with a poised and friendly manner that made the fans believe that there was still good athletes that cared about the fans. Lynn Nolan Ryan, Jr. was born January 31, 1947, in Refugio, Texas. He was the youngest of six children. He grew up playing Little League baseball, his father coaching, and later played in high school. It was there when a New York Mets scout saw him and signed him to play Minor league baseball in Virginia. It was not until he was brought up to the Mets pro team that he finally married his high school sweetheart, Ruth. He has three children, Reid, Reese, and Wendy. Unlike many other celebrities, his entire family is devout Christians. He continues to do a lot of charity work, realizing how lucky he is to have such a great ability of pitching. He lives in Austin, Texas, presently, with Ruth and his daughter Wendy. Baseball has been Americas game for generations. But until Nolan came around, no pitcher had ever been watched so closely as he was. He defied the age barrier, playing in the majors for 27 years, and his awesome ability to regularly throw 90 miles per hour the entire game defied the speed limitations of pitchers. He also had the accuracy of a sniper, able to pitch anything he wanted, a fastball, curve, changeup, anything, and get the batter to swing a it. Through the duration of his career, he struck out 5,714 batters, had seven no-hitters, and holds 15 other MLB records, such as the oldest man to pitch a no-hitter, single-season stri ...

Detecting Signs of E.T.

Detecting Signs of E.T. From time to time, the news media falls in love with stories about how aliens have been found. From the detection of a possible signal from a distant civilization to tales of an alien megastructure around a star observed by the Kepler Space Telescope to the story of the WOW! signal detected in 1977 by an astronomer at Ohio State University, any time theres a hint of a puzzling discovery in astronomy, we see breathless headlines that aliens have been found.   In point of fact, there hasnt been an alien civilization found...yet. But, astronomers keep looking! Finding Something Weird In late summer 2016, astronomers picked up what seemed like a signal from a distant sun-like star called HD 164595. Preliminary searches using the Allen Telescope Array in California showed that the signal picked up by a Russian telescope was not likely from an alien civilization. However, more telescopes will check out the signal to understand what it is and what could be making it. For   now, however, its problem not little green aliens sending us a howdy.   Another star, called KIC 8462852, was observed by Kepler for more than four years. It appears to have a variability in its brightness. That is, the light we perceive coming from this F-type star dims periodically. Its not a regular period of time, so its probably not caused by an orbiting planet. Such planet-caused dimmings are called transits. Kepler has cataloged many stars using the transit method and found thousands of planets this way. But, the dimming of KIC 8462852 was just too irregular. While astronomers and observers worked on cataloging its dimmings, they also talked to an astronomer who had been thinking hard about what we might see if a distant star had planets with life on them. And, in particular, if that life was technologically able to build superstructures around their star to harvest its light (for example).    What Could it Be? If a big structure orbited a star, it could cause the variability in the stars brightness to be irregular or even random-seeming. Of course, there are some caveats with this idea. First, distance is a problem. Even a fairly large structure would be difficult to detect from Earth, even with very strong detectors. Second, the star itself could have some strange variable pattern, and astronomers would need to observe it for longer periods of time to figure out what it is. Third, stars with dust clouds around them can also have fairly large planetary structures forming. Those planetesimals could also cause irregular brightness dips in the starlight we detect from Earth, especially if they were orbiting at staggered distances. Finally, catastrophic collisions between clumps of material around a star could deliver huge groups of objects such as cometary nuclei in orbit around the star. Those could also affected the perceived brightness of the star.   The Simple Truth In science, theres a rule that we follow called Occams Razor - it means, essentially, for any given event or object you observe, generally the most plausible explanation is the simplest one.   In this case, stars with clumps of dust, planetesimals, or roving exo-comets are more likely than aliens. Thats because stars FORM in cloud of gas and dust, and younger stars still have material around them left over from the formation of their planets. KIC 8462852 could be in in a planet-forming stage, consistent with its age and mass (its about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun and a bit younger than our star). So, the simplest explanation here is NOT an alien megacomplex, but swarms of comets.   The Search Protocol The search for extrasolar planets has always been a prelude to a search for life elsewhere in the universe. Each star and planet system discovered to have worlds has to be examined carefully so that astronomers understand its inventory of planets, moons, rings, asteroids, and comets. Once thats done, the next step is to figure out if the worlds are friendly to life -- that is, are they habitable? They do this by trying to understand if the world has an atmosphere, where it is in its orbit around the star, and what its evolutionary state might be.   So far, none have been found hospitable. But, theyll be found. Odds are, there is intelligent life elsewere in the universe. Eventually, we will detect it - or it will find us. In the meantime, astronomers on Earth continue to search for habitable planets around likely stars. The more they study, they more theyll be ready to recognize lifes effects elsewhere.

Business Plan of The Convenient PetStore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7250 words

Business Plan of The Convenient PetStore - Essay Example The pet owners are now treating their pets as family members and are ensuring proper attention is given to the pets so that they remain fit and apt. In order to meet the growing demand of pet owners for preservative free products, The Convenient PetStore will offer a wide range of products to the customers who have a strong bond with their pets and will pay high prices for ensuring the safety of their pet’s health. After the survey of the entire market, it has been decided that the store will start its operations in Seattle in January 2013. The store has completed all pre-requisites so that the customers can avail the best quality products. The management team and personnel required for running the store have been hired and they are being trained so that they can offer a spectacular range of services to the customers. The store’s website is under construction so that the customers can retrieve complete details and information about the store from its site when the stor e starts its operations. The competitive edge that the store will have is providing the pet owners an easily accessible option for buying the organic foods for pets that will enhance the quality of food fed to the animals so that their health gets better in future and they can remain healthy and fit for unlimited time period.

Slavery in Classical Greece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Slavery in Classical Greece - Essay Example Homer was one of the authors that put slavery into question. In his works he identifies economy as the main justification for slavery in ancient times. Homer describes slavery as â€Å"an inevitable consequence of war†. The ancient Greeks in Homer’s time saw slavery as only natural and that it was only possible to enforce because slave masters were superior to their slaves. In exploring the reality of slavery in ancient Greece, this essay explores the quality of slavery conditions in terms of working conditions, general treatment, slave rights, and social and legal securities. Helots were the foundation of the Spartan economy, essentially in mass food production. The helot population in Sparta outnumbered that of the citizens by far. The bid to control the large slave population is considered to have turned the Spartan society to a community well vast in military skills. The general treatment of the helot is seen a harsh in many accounts. It was mandatory for the helots to give a fixed amount of their farm produce to the state, although it is not apparent whether they were allowed to sell surplus produce and keep the returns for their own benefit. Helots were required to remain within the lands they were bonded to. In times of war they were required to act caterers and personal servants to warriors or serve as infantry assistants. Contrary to Athens, in Sparta, helots were considered as state enemies by law. They were required to wear humiliating clothing that would distinguish them from the rest of the Spartan population. Helots were publically punished and subjected to annual beatings to remind them of their servile place in society. The Spartan slaves were guided by strict codes of conduct and rules whose slightest defiance was met with dire consequences. The chief magistrate (ephors) declared ‘war’ on helots annually. This involved a hunting down, punishing and even killing of any helots who was thought to be ‘suspiciousâ₠¬â„¢. This was done by a private dispatch of proficient young men in the community, armed with swords. They killed helots they meet in the highways at night and sometimes they could set upon them in the light of day while they are working in the fields and brutally murder them. This directed violence was a strategy to keep the large helot population under control by instilling fear in them. The fact that there was no penalty for the murder of helot meant that Spartan slave s could never be assured of personal safety. Athens being a generally developed area, majority of its privately owned slaves worked as household slaves. They were tasked with household duties that were mainly domestic roles. However, some of the Athenian slave master involved salves in more complex domestic duties such as tutoring and caring for children. The kind of responsibilities required of an Athenian slave depended their ownership and level of education. Unlike their privately owned counterparts, state -own ed slaves have the opportunity of being absorbed to serve in relatively high social position within the community, such as bankers, secretaries and law enforcement. Often, slaves were used as security men for their masters and also as law enforcers for the state. Wealthy Athenian slave masters used skilled slaves as craftsmen in the workshops. In analyzing the relationship between Athenians and their slave it is important to pay particular